#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\index Index
\shortcut idx
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\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Standard
Están formadas por un número fijo de elementos de un determinado tipo.
Definición:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lenguaje algorítmico
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Pascal
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\emph on
nombre_tipo
\emph default
= TIPO Tabla [
\begin_inset Formula $s_{1}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $e_{1}$
\end_inset
;
\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
\end_inset
;
\begin_inset Formula $s_{n}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $e_{n}$
\end_inset
] de
\emph on
tipo
\emph default
;
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\emph on
nombre_tipo
\emph default
= array [
\begin_inset Formula $s_{1}$
\end_inset
..
\begin_inset Formula $e_{1}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $s_{n}$
\end_inset
..
\begin_inset Formula $e_{n}$
\end_inset
] of
\emph on
tipo
\emph default
;
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Si
\begin_inset Formula $T$
\end_inset
es una variable de un tipo tabla, podemos acceder a sus elementos con la
notación
\begin_inset Formula $T_{a_{1},\dots,a_{n}}$
\end_inset
, donde
\begin_inset Formula $s_{i}\leq a_{i}\leq e_{i}$
\end_inset
, siendo
\begin_inset Formula $s_{i}$
\end_inset
y
\begin_inset Formula $e_{i}$
\end_inset
constantes de tipo entero, caracter o enumerado.
En Pascal,
\family typewriter
\emph on
T
\emph default
[
\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$
\end_inset
]
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Composición
\begin_inset Formula $k$
\end_inset
-RECORRIENDO
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lenguaje algorítmico
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Pascal
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $i$
\end_inset
\series bold
RECORRIENDO
\series default
[
\begin_inset Formula $a$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
]
\series bold
HACER
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
FIN_RECORRIENDO
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
for
\begin_inset Formula $i$
\end_inset
:=
\begin_inset Formula $a$
\end_inset
to
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
do
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $i$
\end_inset
\series bold
RECORRIENDO
\series default
[
\begin_inset Formula $a$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
]
\series bold
EN_SENTIDO_INVERSO HACER
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
FIN_RECORRIENDO
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
for
\begin_inset Formula $i$
\end_inset
:=
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
downto
\begin_inset Formula $a$
\end_inset
do
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Ejecuta
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
una vez por cada elemento entre
\begin_inset Formula $a$
\end_inset
y
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
, en sentido directo o inverso, y en este la variable
\begin_inset Formula $i$
\end_inset
, de sólo lectura, toma el valor del elemento en cuestión.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Tipo
\family typewriter
string
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Representa una cadena de caracteres, a los que se accede igual que en una
tabla definida de 1 a
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset
:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Box Boxed
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 0
use_makebox 0
width "100col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
thickness "0.4pt"
separation "3pt"
shadowsize "4pt"
framecolor "black"
backgroundcolor "none"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
var
\emph on
str
\emph default
: string [
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset
]
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
Se representan con comillas simples rodeando el contenido, se accede a los
caracteres con
\family typewriter
\emph on
str
\emph default
[
\emph on
i
\emph default
]
\family default
y se definen las siguientes operaciones:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
st1 + st2
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
concat(st1, ..., stn : string) : string
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
copy(st : string; start, index : integer) : string
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
delete(var st : string; start, index : integer)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
insert(src : string; var dst : string; pos : integer)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
length(s : string) : integer
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
pos(substr, str : string) : byte
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
str(in :
\family default
(byte, integer...)
\family typewriter
; var out : string)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family typewriter
val(in : string; var out :
\family default
(byte, integer...)
\family typewriter
; var invalidcharpos : integer)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Algoritmos de ordenación
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Suponemos que todos los algoritmos incluyen el siguiente léxico:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Box Boxed
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 0
use_makebox 0
width "100col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
thickness "0.4pt"
separation "3pt"
shadowsize "4pt"
framecolor "black"
backgroundcolor "none"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
LÉXICO
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\text{TipoClave}=\text{ENTERO}$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\text{TipoDatos}=\text{\textbf{TIPO}}<\text{clave}:\text{TipoClave}\text{;}\dots>$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\text{TipoIndice}=\text{\textbf{TIPO}}\text{[1..\ensuremath{n}]}$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $a:\text{\textbf{TABLA} [TipoIndice] \textbf{DE} TipoDatos}$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Inserción directa
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Box Boxed
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 0
use_makebox 0
width "100col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
thickness "0.4pt"
separation "3pt"
shadowsize "4pt"
framecolor "black"
backgroundcolor "none"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
LÉXICO
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $q,j:\text{TipoIndice}$
\end_inset
\family default
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family typewriter
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $b:\text{TipoDatos}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
ALGORITMO
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\emph on
\begin_inset Formula $q$
\end_inset
\emph default
\series bold
RECORRIENDO
\series default
[2,
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset
]
\series bold
HACER
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $b\leftarrow a_{q}$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $j\leftarrow q-1$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\series bold
MIENTRAS
\series default
\begin_inset Formula $b\text{.clave}a_{j}\text{.clave}$
\end_inset
\series bold
ENTONCES
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $pos\leftarrow j$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $min\leftarrow a_{j}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\series bold
FIN_SI
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\series bold
FIN_RECORRIENDO
\series default
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $a_{pos}\leftarrow a_{q}$
\end_inset
;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $a_{q}\leftarrow min$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 8ex
\end_inset
\series bold
FIN_RECORRIENDO
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
FIN
\series default
.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Otros algoritmos de ordenación, más avanzados, son el
\series bold
algoritmo de Shell
\series default
,
\begin_inset Formula $O(n^{1.25})$
\end_inset
, y
\series bold
Quicksort
\series default
,
\begin_inset Formula $O(n\log n)$
\end_inset
, que Charles Hoare demostró que no existe otro más rápido.
\end_layout
\end_body
\end_document