Commit inicial, primer cuatrimestre.

1 files changed, 1788 insertions, 0 deletions

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+++ b/ip/n1.lyx
@@ -0,0 +1,1788 @@
+#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 544
+\begin_document
+\begin_header
+\save_transient_properties true
+\origin unavailable
+\textclass book
+\use_default_options true
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
+\language spanish
+\language_package default
+\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "default" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
+\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
+\font_sc false
+\font_osf false
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures true
+\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
+\paperfontsize default
+\spacing single
+\use_hyperref false
+\papersize default
+\use_geometry false
+\use_package amsmath 1
+\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package cancel 1
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 1
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
+\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
+\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
+\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
+\secnumdepth 3
+\tocdepth 3
+\paragraph_separation indent
+\paragraph_indentation default
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style swiss
+\dynamic_quotes 0
+\papercolumns 1
+\papersides 1
+\paperpagestyle default
+\tracking_changes false
+\output_changes false
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
+\end_header
+
+\begin_body
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="55text%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="35text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lenguaje algorítmico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pascal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LÉXICO
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $v_{1}$
+\end_inset
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $v_{2},v_{3}$
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+\end_inset
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+;
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+: una acción
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+PRE { 
+\emph on
+precondición 
+\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+POST { 
+\emph on
+postcondición 
+\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+LÉXICO
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+ALGORITMO
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+...
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
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+FIN
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $f_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+: función
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+PRE { 
+\emph on
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+\begin_inset Formula $f_{1}$
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+
+
+\emph default
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
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+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+POST { 
+\emph on
+postcondición 
+\begin_inset Formula $f_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
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+LÉXICO
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
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+
+\end_layout
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+ALGORITMO
+\end_layout
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+FIN
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+...
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ALGORITMO
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+PRE { 
+\emph on
+precondición algoritmo
+\emph default
+ }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+POST { 
+\emph on
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+\emph default
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
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+...
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+FIN
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+program
+\family default
+ 
+\begin_inset Formula $nombre$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+type
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $tipo_{1}$
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+
+\family typewriter
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+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $tipo_{2}$
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+
+
+\family typewriter
+ = 
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\family typewriter
+var
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $v_{1}$
+\end_inset
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+
+\family typewriter
+ : 
+\begin_inset Formula $tipo_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+;
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_inset Formula $v_{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $v_{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+ : 
+\begin_inset Formula $tipo_{2}$
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+procedure 
+\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+var
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+begin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+end;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+function 
+\begin_inset Formula $f_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+var
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+begin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+end;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+var
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+begin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 8ex
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+end.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La 
+\series bold
+notación algorítmica
+\series default
+ establece la forma de describir las acciones e informaciones y organizarlas
+ en el tiempo, mientras que el código del programa establece la forma en
+ la que estas se implementan de forma interpretable por un ordenador.
+ Está formado por un 
+\series bold
+léxico,
+\series default
+ donde se definen las informaciones u objetos y las acciones, y el 
+\series bold
+control,
+\series default
+ que establece cómo actúan las acciones sobre los objetos.
+ La 
+\series bold
+abstracción
+\series default
+ sirve para dominar la complejidad de un programa.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tipos de datos y operaciones primitivos
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Especifican un dominio de valores y un conjunto de operaciones aplicables.
+ Los tipos pri
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+mi
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ti
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+vos son:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Entero
+\series default
+ (
+\family typewriter
+integer
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Real:
+\series default
+ Se usa el 
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ como separador (
+\family typewriter
+real
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Booleano:
+\series default
+ Valores 
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+Verdadero
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ y 
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+Falso
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+boolean
+\family default
+, 
+\family typewriter
+true
+\family default
+, 
+\family typewriter
+false
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Carácter:
+\series default
+ Se ponen entre comillas simples (
+\family typewriter
+char
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Las operaciones primitivas son:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+: Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero, Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $+$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset Formula $*$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+: Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero, Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\emph on
+\begin_inset Formula $/$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+:Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Real, Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\emph on
+\begin_inset Formula $DIV$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+, 
+\emph on
+
+\begin_inset Formula $MOD$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+: Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $<$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $>$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $=$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $\leq$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+<=
+\family default
+), 
+\begin_inset Formula $\geq$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+>=
+\family default
+), 
+\begin_inset Formula $\neq$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+<>
+\family default
+): Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano, Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Real
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano, Carácter
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Carácter
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $Predecesor$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $Sucesor$
+\end_inset
+
+: Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero, Carácter
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Carácter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $Y$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $O$
+\end_inset
+
+, 
+\begin_inset Formula $YDESPUÉS$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+and
+\family default
+), 
+\begin_inset Formula $ODESPUÉS$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+or
+\family default
+): Booleano
+\begin_inset Formula $\times$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $NO$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+not
+\family default
+): Booleano
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Booleano
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $Car$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+chr
+\family default
+): Entero
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Carácter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $Ord$
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+ord
+\family default
+): Carácter
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+Entero
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Las acciones primitivas son:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Asignación:
+\series default
+ 
+\emph on
+Variable
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\leftarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Expresión
+\emph default
+.
+ Pascal: 
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+var
+\emph default
+ := 
+\emph on
+expr
+\family default
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Entrada:
+\series default
+ Leer(
+\emph on
+lista de variables
+\emph default
+).
+ Pascal: 
+\family typewriter
+read(
+\emph on
+vars
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+, 
+\family typewriter
+readln(
+\emph on
+vars
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Salida:
+\series default
+ Escribir(
+\emph on
+lista de expresiones
+\emph default
+).
+ Pascal: 
+\family typewriter
+write(
+\emph on
+exprs
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+, 
+\family typewriter
+writeln(
+\emph on
+exprs
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Todas las declaraciones e instrucciones del léxico y algoritmo terminan
+ por punto y coma, y cada Entero o Real puede ir acompañado de un rango.
+ Ejemplos:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lenguaje algorítmico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pascal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $m:\text{Entero}[0,59]$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $d:\text{Entero}\geq0$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $c:\text{Caracter}[\text{'a'},\text{'z'}]$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+m : 0..59;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+c : 'a'..'z';
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+mes : febrero..abril;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Organización de las acciones
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Composición secuencial:
+\series default
+ Se introducen estados intermedios para reducir la complejidad, descomponiendo
+ el problema en subproblemas más simples independientes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+Análisis de casos:
+\series default
+ Se divide el problema en casos según los datos y se resuelve el caso correspond
+iente en cada situación.
+ La precondición de cada problema debe implicar la precondición inicial,
+ y la postcondición de cada uno debe cumplir la postcondición inicial.
+ Además, se deben considerar todos los casos como mucho una vez.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lenguaje algorítmico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pascal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SEGÚN 
+\begin_inset Formula $c_{1},\dots,c_{n}$
+\end_inset
+
+ { Nombres de las variables a comprobar }
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $e_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $e_{n}$
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EN_OTRO_CASO: 
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{n+1}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $_{opcional}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FIN_SEGÚN
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SI 
+\begin_inset Formula $e$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ENTONCES 
+\begin_inset Formula $a$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SI_NO 
+\begin_inset Formula $b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $_{opcional}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FIN_SI
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+if 
+\begin_inset Formula $e$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+then 
+\begin_inset Formula $a$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[ 
+\family typewriter
+else 
+\begin_inset Formula $b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+En Pascal, los campos de expresiones solo permiten una acción, pero se pueden
+ agrupar varias en una sola con las etiquetas 
+\family typewriter
+begin
+\family default
+ y 
+\family typewriter
+end
+\family default
+.
+ Además, se debe situar un punto y coma (
+\family typewriter
+;
+\family default
+) para separar las acciones.
+ No es necesario pues introducirlo antes de un 
+\family typewriter
+end
+\family default
+, ni tampoco debe usarse antes de un 
+\family typewriter
+else
+\family default
+, pues indicaría el final de la sentencia 
+\family typewriter
+if
+\family default
+ completa.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tipos de datos no primitivos
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Son las 
+\series bold
+tablas,
+\series default
+ los 
+\series bold
+registros
+\series default
+ o 
+\series bold
+producto de tipos
+\series default
+ (estructuras) y las 
+\series bold
+secuencias
+\series default
+.
+ Para definir un registro:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="40text%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lenguaje algorítmico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pascal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+nombre_del_tipo
+\emph default
+ = TIPO < 
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1},a_{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+ : 
+\begin_inset Formula $T_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+; 
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+; 
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$
+\end_inset
+
+: 
+\begin_inset Formula $T_{m}$
+\end_inset
+
+>;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+variable
+\emph default
+ : 
+\emph on
+nombre_del_tipo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+type
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+nombre_del_tipo
+\family typewriter
+\emph default
+ = record
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1},a_{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+ : 
+\begin_inset Formula $T_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\dots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{n}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+ : 
+\begin_inset Formula $T_{m}$
+\end_inset
+
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+end;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family typewriter
+var
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+variable
+\family typewriter
+\emph default
+ : 
+\family default
+\emph on
+nombre_del_tipo
+\family typewriter
+\emph default
+;
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_body
+\end_document